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RMS ''Saxonia'' was a British passenger liner built by John Brown & Company at Clydebank, Scotland for the Cunard Steamship Company for their Liverpool-Montreal service. She was the first of four almost identical sister ships built by Browns between 1954 and 1957 for UK-Montreal service. The first two of these ships, ''Saxonia'' and ''Ivernia'' were extensively rebuilt in 1962/3 as dual purpose liner/cruise ships. They were renamed ''Carmania'' and ''Franconia'' respectively and painted in the same green cruising livery as the ''Caronia''. ''Carmania'' continued transatlantic crossings and cruises until September 1967 when she closed out Cunard's Montreal service. She and her sister had been painted white at the end of 1966 and from 1968 ''Carmania'' sailed as a full time cruise ship until withdrawal after arriving at Southampton on October 31st 1971. In August 1973 she was bought by the Soviet Union-based Black Sea Shipping Company and renamed SS ''Leonid Sobinov''. ==History== Prior to World War II, Cunard's Canadian services had been maintained by a group of six similar 14,000 GRT liners of the ''Andania'' class built between 1922 and 1925. One of these was a war loss and another four were purchased by the Admiralty during the war and converted to naval repair ships. None of these ever returned to commercial service. This left Cunard with one ship, ''Ascania'' from its pre war Canadian fleet. She was joined in the post war service by three of the surviving units of the 20,000 GRT ''Scythia'' class which had been built for the Liverpool-New York service. Of the four, only ''Ascania'' was able to reach Montreal, draught causing the others to turn around at Quebec. With this unsatisfactory situation and the age of the ships, it was inevitable that the decision to build would be taken and at the end of 1951 Cunard announced its intention to order two new ships for the Canadian service (the other two came later). ''Saxonia'' was launched on February 17, 1954 by Lady Churchill, wife of the then Prime Minister, and revived a name previously used for the Cunard liner RMS ''Saxonia'', which had been launched in 1899 and scrapped in 1925. Completed early in August 1954, ''Saxonia'' arrived in Liverpool on the 23rd of that month and was prepared for her maiden voyage from Liverpool to Montreal which began on 2 September 1954.〔 She was joined by her sisters, ''Ivernia'' in July 1955, ''Carinthia'' in June 1956 and ''Sylvania'' in June 1957. The ship was refitted in 1962 and given another Cunard name from earlier in the century, ''Carmania''. As ''Carmania'', the vessel continued service on the Rotterdam - Le Havre - Southampton - Canada route for several years, and cruised in the Caribbean and Mediterranean in the winters. During 1968, difficulties with US fire regulations resulted in cancellation of a winter cruise from Port Everglades. Cunard made some minor modifications to the ship before the next sailing in January 1969. On a later cruise the vessel ran aground on a sandbank off San Salvador Island in the Bahamas. Three months after returning to service the ship collided with the 3,900-ton Soviet tanker ''Frunze'',〔The Glasgow Herald - May 13, 1969 (Liner in collision with Soviet ship )〕 but damage to both vessels was apparently minor. She was laid up at Southampton in 1971. In August 1973 she was bought by the Soviet Union-based Black Sea Shipping Company and renamed after Leonid Sobinov. By 1995, she was laid up. In 1999, the liner was brought to Alang, India and scrapped after a long and storied career. In January 1979, as the ship lay in Sydney Harbour, an 18-year-old crew member, Liliana Gasinskaya, slipped out of a porthole wearing only a red bikini, and swam across the harbour to claim political asylum. She rapidly achieved fame as the ''Red Bikini Girl'', and, amongst other things, was the first nude centerfold in Australia's edition of ''Penthouse Magazine''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「RMS Saxonia (1954)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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